The Doctoral Contract (DC) is an employment contract, which therefore entails a series of rights as well as duties.
Any absence must be reported; if it is planned, it must be anticipated and authorised by the hierarchy; if it occurs unexpectedly (due to illness or an accident), it must be justified afterwards with a medical certificate.
Regarding timetables, the rule is to comply with the framework set by the host laboratory. Generally speaking, doctoral students must abide by the rules of their laboratory.
As for leave entitlement, the annual amount depends on the employment contract; you should check with your employer. In any case, you will need to account for periods when the laboratory is closed.